VNUHCM Journal of Science and Technology Development
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj
<p><span id="result_box" class="" lang="en"><span title="Tạp chí Phát triển Khoa học và Công nghệ (PTKH&CN) của Đại học Quốc gia thành phố Hồ Chí Minh (ĐHQG-HCM) được thành lập từ năm 1997, ra số đầu tiên vào tháng 1 năm 1998. Từ năm 2006 Tạp chí đã"><strong>Science and Technology Development Journal</strong> (STDJ), Vietnam National University - Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM) was established in 1997. And the first issue was published in January 1998 with </span><span title="đăng ký mã số chuẩn quốc tế ISSN 1859-0128.">ISSN 1859-0128. </span><span title="Từ đó cho đến nay, Tạp chí PTKH&CN đã trở thành diễn đàn khoa học quan trọng nhất của đội ngũ cán bộ nghiên cứu, giảng viên, nghiên cứu sinh của ĐHQG-HCM và cũng là diễn đàn khoa học công nghệ đáng tin cậy của">Since then, STDJ has become the most important scientific forum of scientists from VNU-HCM as well as</span><span title="nhiều nhà nghiên cứu, giảng viên các trường đại học khác tại Việt Nam."> other universities. </span><span title="Tạp chí đã trải qua 20 năm phát triển và đã trở thành nhịp cầu giao lưu khoa học, cũng như làm phong phú tài liệu tham khảo cho đội ngũ giảng viên, nghiên cứu sinh, sinh viên ĐHQG-HCM nói riêng và các Trường đại">The magazine has undergone 20 years of development and has become a bridge for scientific exchanges, as well as enriching reference materials for the faculty, doctoral students, students of VNU-HCM in particular and other universities, institutes... </span></span></p> <p><span id="result_box" class="" lang="en"><span title="học phía Nam nói chung. "><br></span><span title="Tính đến hết năm 2016 Tạp chí đã xuất bản được 276 số với 2714 bài nghiên cứu của các nhà khoa học, cán bộ trong và ngoài ĐHQG-HCM trong 5 lĩnh vực nghiên cứu: Kỹ thuật và Công nghệ, Khoa học Tự nhiên,">By the end of 2016, the journal has published 276 issues with 2714 research articles in five areas of research: Engineering and Technology, Natural Sciences, </span><span title="Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn, Kinh tế luật và Khoa học Quản lý, Khoa học Trái đất và Môi trường tương ứng với 5 chuyên san chuyên ngành của Tạp chí.">Social Sciences and Humanities, Economics of Law and Management Sciences, Earth Sciences and Environment corresponding to 5 specialized journals of the Journal. </span></span></p> <p><span id="result_box" class="" lang="en"><span title="Tạp chí đã được phát hành tại các thư viện của các đơn vị thành viên của ĐHQG-HCM, các Sở Khoa học Công nghệ của các tỉnh thành trên cả nước và được Hội đồng học hàm Giáo sư Nhà nước đánh giá cao.">The magazine has been widely indexed in the various libraries at Vietnam. </span></span></p> <p><span id="result_box" class="" lang="en"><span title="Từ tháng 12/2006 Tạp chí đã nhận được sự giúp đỡ của tổ chức mạng quốc tế về các xuất bản phẩm khoa học thuộc Hội đồng khoa học quốc tế để tham gia vào mạng lưới các Tạp chí Khoa học quốc tế. "><br></span><span title="Hiện nay tạp chí bao gồm 5 chuyên san sau đây: ">The journal currently consists of the following five sections:<br></span><span title="• Kỹ thuật và Công nghệ, ">• Engineering and Technology</span></span></p> <p><span id="result_box" class="" lang="en"><span title="• Khoa học Tự nhiên, ">• Natural Sciences</span></span></p> <p><span id="result_box" class="" lang="en"><span title="• Khoa học Xã hội và Nhân văn, ">• Social Sciences and Humanities</span></span></p> <p><span id="result_box" class="" lang="en"><span title="• Kinh tế luật và Khoa học Quản lý, ">• Economics, Law and Management</span></span></p> <p><span id="result_box" class="" lang="en"><span title="• Khoa học Trái đất và Môi trường">• Sciences of Earth and Environment</span></span></p> <p><span class="" lang="en"><span title="• Khoa học Trái đất và Môi trường"><span id="result_box" class="" lang="en">• Health Sciences : It includes work from basic science, clinical science, dental, nursing and other related medical fields. <br></span></span></span></p>Viet Nam National University Ho Chi Minh Cityen-USVNUHCM Journal of Science and Technology Development1859-0128<p>Copyright The Author(s) 2023. This article is published with open access by Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam. This article is distributed under the terms of the <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0)</a> which permits any use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and the source are credited. </p>AiMA - An AI-Based Mobile System to Assist College Students with Math-Related Issues
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/4104
<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: As technology continues to progress, the importance and influence of mathematics in people's lives are growing. The emergence of mobile systems has brought about several benefits, such as portability, convenience, and accessibility, especially in the field of education. It is crucial to develop a mobile system that can cater not only to high school students but also to those enrolled in colleges and universities, offering solutions for basic calculations and highly specialized algorithms. To address this need, this research presents AiMA, an AI-based mobile system that assists college students with math-related issues.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: In this paper, we discuss the limitations of current math-solving mobile applications and propose a solution that caters to specialized algorithms for university students. AiMA employs React Native on the front-end side to render the user interface and Flask-server on the back-end side to handle numerical data. Additionally, an AI model is implemented to handle input images stored in a cloud-based media management platform for detection.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The system's functionality evaluation indicates that AiMA provides advantages over existing solutions by enabling users to solve complex calculus problems and receive tailored solutions for specific areas of mathematics.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This makes AiMA a highly valuable tool for college and university students who require specialized assistance with their math-related studies.</p>Tan Duy LeNam Anh Nguyen DangKhoi Duc Dang NguyenBinh Nguyen Nguyen Le
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2023-09-302023-09-302632863287510.32508/stdj.v26i3.4104titledescriptionnonegRemoving tannins and debittering brewer’s spent yeasts by Tween 80
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/4134
<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Yeast extract from brewer's spent yeast cells is a promising nutrition source for many applications in the food industry and biomass production. However, because of the impurities that cause the bitter and astringent flavor attributed to hop resins during fermentation, brewer's spent yeasts in the industry have not been widely used. Contaminants have been withdrawn by using a variety of techniques. However, most reported methods have focused on removing iso-alpha acid rather than tannin, which has anti-digestive and antimicrobial properties. This study focuses on removing tannins and evaluating their impact on reusing brewer's spent yeast in biomass production.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: In this work, Tween 80 was employed for the removal of tannins and other bitter substances from brewer’s spent yeasts. In addition to biochemical approaches, the efficiency of cultivating probiotics with autolysates from yeasts cleaned by various buffers is used to evaluate the effectiveness of eliminating tannins and bitter compounds.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: In tannin removal, the outstanding efficiency of Tween 80 was four times higher than that of water and hypotonic 0.5% NaCl solution. The debittering efficiency increases from 77% to 83.6% by using Tween 80. Therefore, the cell density of Lactobacillus fermentum 4C cultures with the autolysate from Tween 80-treated spent yeast cells increased by 16.5% and 10.2% compared to that of cultures washed with distilled water or 0.5% NaCl, respectively. The autolysate of Tween 80-treated yeast cells is rich in protein and α-amino nitrogen. It shows advantages in culturing different strains of probiotics.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions</strong>: By skipping the first stage of biomass creation, the reuse of spent yeasts in the production of yeast extracts will not only address environmental issues but also have a positive economic impact.</p>Thi Minh Xuan NguyenThi Nguyet NguyenThi Minh Nguyet Nguyen
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2023-09-302023-09-302632876288710.32508/stdj.v26i3.4134titledescriptionnonegSynthesis of donor and acceptor monomers for conjugated polymers in organic optoelectronic applications
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/4150
<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: In today's life, conductive polymers play an increasingly important role, and it is very important to research and find materials with new properties and the ability to improve the performance of devices. The synthesis of monomer units as donor-acceptor structural units in conducting polymers is extremely important.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: In this research, the process of synthesizing these potential monomer structural units with high efficiency has been described, including three main units, (4-hexyl-phenyl)(10H-phenoxazin-10-yl)methanone (HP-POzM) (58%, yield), 4,8-bis(hexyloxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (BHBDT) (90%, yield) and 5-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-thieno[3,4-c]pyrrole-4,6(5H)-dione (EHTPD) (95%, yield).</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The successful synthesis of monomers was demonstrated by qualitative analytical measurements of 1H NMR and TLC monitor. In addition, it is an overview of the direction that scientists are aiming for these monomer units, as D-A units in conductive polymers, applied in current fields and development orientation in the future.</p>Minh Duy HoangBao Kim DoanLuan Thanh Nguyenviet quoc nguyenchau duc tranHai Le TranXuan Huu MaiThao Thanh BuiNguyen Tran Ha
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2023-09-302023-09-302632906291610.32508/stdj.v26i3.4150titledescriptionnonegRobot Gesture Control using Online Feedback Data with Multi-Tracking Capture System
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/4141
<p>This study employs a Vicon, high-speed and accurate marker-based motion capture system to develop a wireless low-latency gesture control method that requires no additional hardware components or onboard power sources. A novel control method is designed to track a rigid-body object's motion in the workspace and translate it into robot control signals. The system comprises five main components: a host PC with Vicon software named Tracker, a set of eight Vicon Vantage V8 infrared cameras, a client PC that receives Tracker's broadcasted data over Ethernet, a robot model named youBot provided by KUKA, and a rigid-body object that acts as the gesture controller. By using an Application Programming Interface (API) called DataStream, the rigid-body object's pose (position and orientation) can be estimated and used to remotely control the KUKA youBot robot with higher accuracy and an overall reduced latency of 0.3 seconds. In comparison to existing methods based on accelerometer-based and gyroscope-based controllers, the proposed gesture controller uses a set of retro-reflective markers for tracking purposes and requires no additional hardware systems. This proposed control method proves especially beneficial for the robotics prototyping development phase, where different control mechanisms can be easily replicated and tested within the motion capture system's operating range. Additionally, the robot's odometry can also be tracked during testing, making a motion capture system a valuable tool for evaluating motion control methods.</p>Phu Xuan DoMinh Tri BienHoang Vinh Khang Nguyen
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2023-09-302023-09-302632917292910.32508/stdj.v26i3.4141titledescriptionnonegEffects of pasteurization on the physicochemical, sensory properties and microbiological quality of beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) wine during storage
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/4089
<p><strong>Introduction: </strong>In the beverage sector, pasteurization is combined with another means of preservation such as concentration, acidification to extend product shelf-life by inactivating all non-spore-forming pathogenic bacteria and the majority of vegetative spoilage microorganisms, as well as inhibiting or stopping microbial and enzyme activity. The main objective of this study was to focus on the effect of pasteurization and storage on the physical, antioxidant, and microbiological properties of red beetroot (<em>beta vulgaris l.</em>) wine. <strong>Method</strong>: After fermentation in 10 days, the red beetroot wine was either pasteurized at 70<sup>0</sup>C in 10 minutes or unpasteurized before storing at 4<sup>0</sup>C in different time (1 month, 2 months). Physicochemical properties and microbiological quality of beetroot wine were analyzed to study effect of pasteurization and storage on those properties of beetroot wine. <strong>Results</strong>: Physical properties like pH, total dissolved solids content were significantly affected by pasteurization (higher pH and higher TTS in pasteurized samples than in unpasteurized samples) but they were not affected by storage time in this project. After fermentation, the TPC of red beetroot wine was lost but it kept unchanged after pasteurization. Vitamin C of the wine sample was lost after pasteurization only when storage. Pasteurization and 2 month-storage caused significant reduction on antioxidant capacity of red beetroot wine. Sensory quality of beetroot wine was not affected by pasteurization but it was in the case of storage. Microorganism quality of wine was acceptable for consumption. Pasteurization process is effective in increasing shelf life of red beetroot wine but does not significantly affect its nutritional and sensory values.</p> <p> </p> <p><em>Keywords: Red beetroot spirit, pasteurization, storage, total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, vitamin C.</em></p>Giang Thi Huong Nguyen
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2023-09-302023-09-302632950295810.32508/stdj.v26i3.4089titledescriptionnonegA survey of AI-based robotic process automation for businesses and organizations
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/4091
<p>This paper explores the theories and practical applications of AI, AI-based RPA and RPAn in enterprises as well as in organizations. Recent advanced and modern techniques of AI, AI-based RPA and RPA are also presented and discussed in this study. In addition, this study also presents individual and combined solutions in applying AI-based RPA for small-cap companies to leading and multinational companies. Research results show that AI-based RPA technology has very good applications to replace human activities in many different fields and industries, such as economics, administration, business, banking, marketing, and medical care.</p>Thon-Da NguyenHoanh-Su LeThe-Dai-Nghia NguyenHong-Thanh LamThi-Anh TranQuang-Than Tran
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2023-09-302023-09-302632959296610.32508/stdj.v26i3.4091titledescriptionnonegSynthesis of a self-healing polymer blend containing dynamic diels-alder and h-bond crosslinks
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/4108
<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: It is unquestioned that self-healing polymers are being applied in numerous applications due to their indiscernible advantages, such as the extension of materials’ life span. Not surprisingly, researchers throughout the world concentrate on boosting the progression of the polymer. However, it takes 24 h or 48 h for the self-healing process of polymer-based materials in manifold studies to be efficacious. This can be thought of as a problematic hurdle slowing its advancement and application. Therefore, our research was conducted in an attempt to create a blended structure through hydrogen interplay between (thio)urethane bonds and H-acceptor heterocyclic moieties.</p> <p><strong>Method</strong>: The integration of 5 wt%, 10 wt% and 20 wt% blended copolymer capable of forming H-bonds into the network structure was performed to gain a network blend. Furthermore, ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, shape-memory and self-healing tests were employed for the determination of hydrogen bond formation coupled with various properties.</p> <p><strong>Result</strong>: From the ATR-FTIR results, the occurrence of H-bonds was proven. In addition, the blends’ rates of shape recovery and shape fixity rates were more than 99%. It contributes to the mechanical recovery at 82.75% with the addition of 10 wt% of the blended copolymer after 10 h at 70 °C, surpassing those of the 5 wt% and 20 wt% blends.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This study will pave the way for self-heling polymers to be utilized in different fields in the future.</p>Mai Ly Nguyen ThiViet Quoc NguyenDuc Anh Nguyen SongThuy Thu Truong
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2023-09-302023-09-302632967297410.32508/stdj.v26i3.4108titledescriptionnonegImproving the performance of the GPS/INS integrated navigation system by using the real-time kinematic method
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/4120
<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: This paper presents a method for improving the accuracy of a GPS/INS integrated navigation system. Estimating the yaw angle, which is the degree of deviation from the north, is a crucial aspect in the navigation and control of autonomous robots.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: We can use an inertial measurement unit (IMU) to calculate the yaw angle, but the accuracy is heavily reliant on the Earth's magnetic field. This field can vary in value as the vehicle moves and is easily disturbed by external sources such as electrical devices and motors. To circumvent these limitations, a dual-antenna GPS with the real-time kinematic (RTK) method is utilized to improve the quality of the yaw angle estimation.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: This approach eliminates the use of magnetometers, and the experimental results show that the error can be significantly reduced to 0.16 degrees with a baseline of 1 meter.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: When compared to the standard GPS/INS system, the proposed method using GPS-RTK provides better accuracy, even when the GPS signal is lost.</p>Dung Quoc-Tien TranVinh-Hao Nguyen
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2023-09-302023-09-302632975298610.32508/stdj.v26i3.4120titledescriptionnonegSelf-couplings of gauge bosons in 3-4-1 models
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/4138
<p>Feynman rules for self-couplings of the gauge bosons in the general 3-4-1 model based on the gauge group $SU(3)_c\otimes SU(4)_L \otimes U(1)_X$ will be presented in this work. The results are checked to be consistent with previous works. The results also confirm important relations between different triple and quartic gauge couplings assumed previously for constructing general one-loop contributions to physical processes searched by experiments.</p>L. T. HueNguyễn Huy Thảo
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2023-09-302023-09-302632888289610.32508/stdj.v26i3.4138titledescriptionnonegDetermination of ethanol in hand sanitizers by a self-built headspace device and gas chromatography
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/4115
<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Headspace sampling coupled with gas chromatography (HS-GC) has been proven to be a very useful technique for the determination of volatile and semivolatile components in complex matrices by avoiding tedious sample preparation. In this study, the HS system was fabricated at low cost, exploiting unused GC sensor-heaters.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: The accuracy and stability of the self-built HS were evaluated, and the HS-GC-FID system was applied to the determination of ethanol in hand sanitizer gels. The HS operating conditions, including temperature and equilibrium time, were optimized using a central composite face-centered design (CCFC) and MODDE 5.0 software. Samples incubated at 80 °C for 25 min gave the best results with respect to sensitivity and reproducibility (RSD < 3%).</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The calibration curve showed high linearity (R2 > 0.998) in the range of 0.25 to 2.5% (w/w) ethanol, using acetonitrile 1% (w/w) as an internal standard. The recovery ranged between 104.1 and 108.3% using spiked samples on real matrices. A small survey of 11 commercially available samples collected in the local markets showed that only one of them did not meet the standards set by the FDA.</p>Gia-Huy H. D.Thinh Phuc NguyenMai Anh Nguyen
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2023-09-302023-09-302632897290510.32508/stdj.v26i3.4115titledescriptionnonegSensitivity of secondary particle emission to hadronic physics models in GATE/Geant4 proton therapy simulations at 100 MeV
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/4162
<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Proton therapy simulations rely on Monte Carlo techniques, such as the GATE code based on the Geant4 toolkit, to predict dose distribution and secondary particle production. The accuracy of these simulations is heavily influenced by the chosen physics models.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: In this study, we analyzed three Geant4 hadronic physics models, BIC, BERT, and INCL++, by calculating the angular and energy distributions of secondary neutrons and gamma particles. We conducted GATE/Geant4 simulations on a water phantom irradiated with a 100 MeV proton beam.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: Our investigation revealed notable differences in the angular and energy distributions of emitted particles among the three models.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: This study emphasizes the necessity of carefully selecting a hadronic physics model for GATE/Geant4 simulations in proton therapy.</p>Pham Thi Cam LaiNgyen Tri Toan PhucVo Hong Hai
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2023-09-302023-09-302632930293610.32508/stdj.v26i3.4162titledescriptionnonegStudy on the flowering in rice plant (Oryza sativa cv. OM5451)
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/4088
<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: The consumption of rice is rising in response to worldwide population development. The purpose of this study was to determine the stages of plant development, specifically the transition stage from panicle initiation to the flowering stage, which determines the number of spikelets per branch. In addition, this research studied the changes in physiology and morphology during the flowering development of rice in a garden.</p> <p><strong>Methods</strong>: Plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, and flowering time were all measured. Plant growth regulators such as cytokinin, auxin, gibberellic acid (GA), and acid abscisic (ABA) in the apical shoot at different stages of flower development were analyzed.</p> <p><strong>Results</strong>: The activities of indole acetic acid (IAA), zeatin, and gibberellins in the apical shoot of the stem elongation stage are higher than those in plants of the panicle initiation stage. At the flowering stage, the rates of photosynthesis and respiration of the leaves at positions 1, 2, and 3 were higher than those of the other leaves. In addition, photosynthetic pigments at leaf positions 2, 3, and 4 were higher than those at positions 1 and 3.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The results show that the relationship between changes in morphological, physiological, and biochemical indicators during the rice growth stages was discussed.</p>Tran Minh Hong LinhTran Thanh HuongBui Trang Viet
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2023-09-302023-09-302632943294910.32508/stdj.v26i3.4088titledescriptionnonegStable strong duality for cone-constrained set-valued optimization problems: A perturbation approach
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/4086
<p class="p1">In this paper we consider<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>a general<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>set-valued otimimization problem of the model</p> <p class="p1">Winf<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>F(x),<span class="Apple-converted-space"> s.t. x in X</span></p> <p class="p1">where $F\colon X\rightrightarrows Y\cup\{+\infty_{Y}\}$<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>is a proper mapping. The problem is then embed<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>into a parametric problem and can be express as<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p> <p class="p1"> </p> <p class="p1">(P) $\mathop{\winf}\bigcup\limits_{x\in X}\Phi(x,0_Z)$</p> <p class="p1"> </p> <p class="p1">where $\Phi\colon X\times Z\rightrightarrows<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Y^\bullet$ is <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>a proper set-valued {\it perturbation mapping} such that $ \Phi(x,0_Z) =<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>F(x) $.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>A representation of the epigraph of the conjugate mapping $\Phi^\ast$ is established (Theorem 1)<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>and it is used as the basic tool for establishing a general stable strong duality for the problem (P) (Theorem 3). As<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>applications, the mentioned general strong duality result is then applied to a cone-constrained set-valued optimization problem (CSP) to derive<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>three dual problems for (CSP):<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>The Lagrange dual problem and two forms of Fenchel-Lagrange dual problems for (CSP). Consequently, three stable<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>strong duality results for the three primal-dual pairs of problems are derived (Theorems 4 and 5),<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>among them, one is<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>entirely<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>new while the others extend some known ones in the literature.<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></p>Dinh NguyenLong Hai Dang
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2023-09-302023-09-302632987299510.32508/stdj.v26i3.4086titledescriptionnonegBehavioral activities of the giant water bug Lethocerus indicus (Lepeletier et Serville, 1775)
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/3994
<p>The study on behavioral activities of the giant water bug Lethocerus indicus was conducted at the Centre for Biodiversity Resources Education and Development (CEBRED), Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE). Twelve types of behavioral activity (BA) were identified and described: BA1: Horizontally floating, BA2: Diagonally floating, BA3: Swimming on the water surface, BA4: Swimming under the water surface, BA5: Respiration by extension and retraction pair of siphon, BA6: Capturing and eating prey, BA7: Vibrating legs, BA8: Openning and flapping wings, BA9: Clinging to each other, BA10: Crawling out of water, BA11: Death-feigning, and BA12: Attacking and cannibalizing each other. These 12 behavioral activities observed descended in the following order: (1) BA2 (17,24%) >(2) BA4 (16,94%) >(3) BA3 (15,75%) >(4) BA5 (14,86%) >(5) BA1 (12,18%) >(6) BA6 (11,14%) >(7) BA9 (6,99%) >(8) BA7 (2,97%) >(9) BA8 (1,34%) >(10) BA12 (0,30%) >(11) BA10 (0,15%) >(12) BA11 (0,15%). These behavioral activities can be grouped into 3 groups based on their scientific basis: Genetically (92%) >Ecologically (4.5%) >Physiologically (3.5%). This research on the behavioral activities of the giant water bug Lethocerus indicus can be considered an important scientific basis to be implemented in the raising and sustainable conservation of the species listed in The Vietnam Red Data Book since 1992.</p>Sakkouna PhommavongsaManh Quang VuAnh Phan Hoang Nguyen
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2023-09-302023-09-302632996300710.32508/stdj.v26i3.3994titledescriptionnonegToward Plasmon-Controlled Generation of the Activating Ag Hotspot Nanospheres for Quantitative SERS Analysis
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/4171
<p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has attracted enormous concern as a robust vibrational spectroscopy technique with widespread applications, primarily for the ultrasensitive detection of low-concentration molecules and selective identification. Nevertheless, the optimization of SERS efficiency has been impeded by limitations in controlling the size of nanoparticles utilized in this technique. <strong>Method:</strong> In this study, the morphology, structure, chemical components, and optical properties of the as-synthesized Ag nanoparticles (Ag NPs) via a hydrothermal method were thoroughly investigated by sophisticated analyses. The synthesized Ag NPs were characterized for its morphological characteristics using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and assessed for their SERS performance in detecting organic substances including Crystal Violet (CV) and Rhodamine B (RhB). <strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that Ag NPs with different sizes could be obtained from 10 to 30 nm. These sizes corresponded to the duration of the hydrothermal method, which was 15, 20, and 25 hours, respectively. The optimal sample exhibited the capability to detect dye molecule solutions at diluted-low concentrations as low as 10<sup>-8</sup> M. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Through these results, we contribute to advancing the understanding of tailored nanoparticle synthesis for superior SERS performance, thus opening avenues for enhanced molecular detection in various applied analytical fields.</p>Nguyen Tran Gia BaoTon Nu Quynh TrangPham The PhuongVu Thi Hanh Thu
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2023-10-102023-10-102633008301610.32508/stdj.v26i3.4171titledescriptionnonegA study on the optical properties of a novel flower-core photonic crystal fiber infiltrated with CCl4
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/4136
<p>A novel design of photonic crystal fiber with a flower-core is proposed for the first time to optimize dispersion suitable for broadband supercontinuum generation. The numerical simulation of the propagation of light modes in optical fibers is computed by solving Maxwell's wave equations with the full-vector finite-difference eigenmode method. As a result, near-zero ultra-flat all-normal and anomalous dispersion was achieved with fluctuations of ±0.978 ps/nm.km in the 294 nm wavelength region and ±1.168 ps/nm.km in the 432 nm wavelength region, respectively. Furthermore, the dispersion value at the pump wavelength is about 10 times lower than in previous papers. The combination of CCl<sub>4</sub> infiltration into the hollow core and the air hole's size heterogeneity in the cladding also enhances the nonlinear properties of the fibers. The effective mode areas less than 2 µm<sup>2</sup> at the pump wavelength can help the supercontinuum spectrum to broaden further towards the red wavelength region. Three fibers with structural parameters <em>Ʌ</em> = 0.8 µm, <em>d</em><sub>1</sub>/<em>Ʌ </em>= 0.45, <em>Ʌ</em> = 0.9 µm, <em>d</em><sub>1</sub>/<em>Ʌ </em>= 0.5, and <em>Ʌ</em> = 0.9 µm, <em>d</em><sub>1</sub>/<em>Ʌ </em>= 0.45 are proposed for supercontinuum generation with low peak power due to the nonlinear coefficients as high as hundreds W<sup>−1</sup>.km<sup>−1</sup>. These fibers are a new class of optical fibers, highly efficient laser sources that replace traditional glass-core optical fibers.</p>Thuy Nguyen Thi
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2023-10-102023-10-102633017302610.32508/stdj.v26i3.4136titledescriptionnonegAnalysis of the Influence of Financial Informatization on Improving Financial Control Ability
http://stdj.scienceandtechnology.com.vn/index.php/stdj/article/view/3965
<p>This paper mainly conducts in-depth research on the influence of financial informatization on improving financial control ability. According to the advantages of combining financial management and informatization, it expounds the role of financial informatization in improving financial control ability, such as constantly improving the quality of financial internal control, helping to improve the quality of financial management, achieving the integration of financial and business management development objectives, improving the work quality of financial personnel, strengthening the ability to control enterprise risk, and providing a high-quality platform for enterprise financial management and assessment. Then, it puts forward some feasible measures for the construction of informatization, mainly including employees continuously improving financial management consciousness, innovating financial management methods and systems, promoting the full use of financial information and strengthening the informatization construction of enterprise financial management work safeguard mechanisms to realize financial informatization construction and improve financial control ability.</p>Jun Gao
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2023-09-302023-09-302632937294210.32508/stdj.v26i3.3965titledescriptionnoneg