Abstract

The finite element method (FEM) is used widely in analysis of elasto plastic behaviours for structures. The analysis often involves a two-stage process: first, the internal force field acting on the structural material must be defined, and second, the response of the material to that force field must be determined. In other words, the analysis of behaviours of structural material is establishment relationships between stresses and strains in the structure in the plastic as well as elastic ranges. It furnishes more realistic estimates of load-carrying capacities of structures and provides a better understanding of the reaction of the structural elements to the forces induced in the material.